Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder that affects a part of the brainstem called the cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for functions such as balance, coordination, and eye movements. OMS disrupts the function of the cerebellum, leading to various problems in these functions.
What Causes Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome?
Although the exact cause of OMS is unknown, the following possible causes are suggested:
Autoimmune Diseases: The immune system mistakenly attacking healthy tissues can lead to OMS. Some tumors, such as neuroblastoma, can also trigger autoimmune reactions.
Infections: Certain infections, such as West Nile virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and streptococcal infections, have been associated with OMS.
Toxins: Some toxins, such as organophosphate insecticides and mercury, can cause OMS.
What Are the Symptoms of Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome?
The most noticeable symptoms of OMS are:
- opsoclonus
- myoclonus
- ataxia
- dizziness
- problems with eye movements
- muscle weakness
- speech problems
- difficulty swallowing
- impairment in cognitive functions
How Is Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of OMS includes the patient’s medical history, physical examination, and various tests. The doctor may request blood tests, brain MRI or CT scans, and electroencephalography (EEG) to rule out other possible disorders that could cause the symptoms of OMS.
How Is Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome Treated?
The treatment of OMS depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. If a condition causing OMS, such as autoimmune reactions or infections, is identified, treating this condition may help improve the symptoms. In some cases, medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may help control the immune system.
Medications can also be used to alleviate symptoms. Anticonvulsants may be prescribed for myoclonus, muscle relaxants for ataxia, and antihistamines for dizziness. Physical therapy can help improve balance and coordination.
The treatment of OMS generally focuses on managing symptoms, and there is no permanent cure. While some patients can control their symptoms with medications and physical therapy, OMS can lead to permanent disability or death in other patients.
How Should Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome Be Managed?
People with OMS can do some things to manage their symptoms and optimize their quality of life:
Regular Medical Follow-Up: It is important for patients to monitor OMS and report any changes in their symptoms to their doctors.
Medication Usage: Taking prescribed medications regularly according to instructions is important.
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help improve balance and coordination. Regular physical therapy sessions can help individuals with OMS perform daily activities more easily.
Lifestyle Changes: Healthy eating, regular sleep, and avoiding stress can improve overall health and help control symptoms.
Support Groups: Since OMS is a rare disease, patients may feel isolated. Support groups can help individuals with OMS communicate with and support each other.
